What does "con sord" refer to in music?

The term "con sord" is an abbreviation of the Italian phrase "con sordino," which translates to "with mute." In music, it indicates that the performer should use a mute to alter the sound of their instrument, typically to create a softer, more subdued tone. This instruction is commonly found in string and brass instruments, where mutes can drastically change the quality of the sound produced.

Using a mute can serve various musical expressions, helping to achieve a specific mood or character in a piece. For example, it can evoke a more intimate or haunting sound in a performance. Understanding this term is important for interpreting musical scores accurately and executing the desired sound texture as intended by the composer.