What does "mezzo piano" (mp) refer to in musical dynamics?

"Mezzo piano" (mp) refers to a dynamic level in music that means "moderately soft." In musical notation, dynamics are used to indicate the volume at which music should be played, and "mezzo piano" indicates a softness that is greater than "piano" (which means soft), but not as soft as "pianissimo" (very soft).

This term helps performers understand the intended emotional quality of the piece, guiding them in how to express the music appropriately. Knowing the context and precise meaning of various dynamic markings is essential for interpretation and performance, as each term conveys a specific instruction on the volume and intensity of sound.