What does the term "piano" indicate in musical instructions?

The term "piano" in musical instructions indicates that the music should be played softly. This term originates from the Italian word for "soft," and it provides performers with guidance on the dynamic level of their playing. When notation includes "piano," it signifies that the performer should use a lighter touch and lower volume, contributing to the overall expression and color of the piece. Understanding dynamic markings like "piano" is crucial for interpreting the emotional intent of the music and achieving the desired sound. This contrasts with the other terms, which suggest loudness or tempo rather than volume levels.