What is indicated by the term "Calando" in a musical score?

The term "Calando" in a musical score indicates that the performer should gradually play slower while also decreasing the volume. This means that as the music progresses, both the tempo and the dynamics are reduced, creating an effect that often conveys a sense of fading away or drawing back.

The term is derived from the Italian verb "calare," which means to lower or descend, reinforcing the idea of both a decrease in tempo and a reduction in volume. This dual action of slowing down and playing more softly can bring an emotional or reflective quality to the music.

Understanding the context in which "Calando" is used is crucial for performers, as it impacts not only the individual notes but also the overall expression and mood conveyed in the piece.