What is the meaning of "Dolente" in music terminology?

"Dolente" is a term used in music to convey a sense of sadness or sorrow. It is derived from the Italian word for "painful" or "sorrowful," often indicating that the music should be played with a mournful or melancholy character. This term is commonly found in musical markings, suggesting that the musician should evoke an emotional response that aligns with feelings of sadness. By associating "dolente" with the idea of sadness, it serves to guide the performer's interpretation of the piece, allowing them to express the intended emotional depth.