What is the musical term for playing "near the bridge" of a stringed instrument?

Playing "near the bridge" of a stringed instrument is referred to as "sul ponticello." This technique involves bowing the strings closer to the bridge rather than in the traditional position, which creates a unique sound character marked by a metallic or glassy quality. The term "sul ponticello" actually translates from Italian to "on the bridge," directly indicating the location where the technique is applied.

Other terms in the question refer to different musical techniques or instructions: "con sord" translates to "with mutes," indicating the use of a mute to soften the tone; "chiuso" means "closed" and often refers to a more subdued sound, similar to a muted effect; and "tremolo" describes a rapid alternation between notes or a repeated bowing technique that creates a shaky or wavering sound. Understanding these distinctions allows musicians to interpret and execute pieces more accurately based on the composer's indications.