Which musical direction implies a held back or restrained tempo?

The term that implies a held back or restrained tempo is ritenuto. When a composer uses ritenuto, it instructs the performers to slow down the tempo and hold back slightly, often creating a more dramatic or reflective effect in the music. This directive can be particularly effective in highlighting significant phrases or transitions, allowing for emotional weight and depth.

Ritardando is often confused with ritenuto, but the subtle difference lies in that ritenuto suggests an immediate and deliberate slowing down, whereas ritardando implies a gradual slowing. This distinction is important when interpreting music.

The other options do not convey the same sense of restraint. Rubato refers to a flexible tempo, allowing performers to expressively modify the timing without strict adherence to the beat. Quasi, which means "as if" or "like," is a term that describes somewhat imitative playing or sound rather than providing specific direction concerning tempo. Risoluto, meaning "resolutely" or "with determination," suggests a strong, vigorous expression, again contrasting with the concept of holding back.